Variable Criteria used Elevated mean right atrial pressure/central venous pressure Inferior vena cava dimension >2.1 cm and inferior vena cava inspiratory collapse < 50 % Prominent diastolic flow in the superior vena…
Fig. 12.1 2D echocardiogram – Short axis view of a patient with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension showing RV dilatation (red arrow) Volume calculations of the right ventricle are essential for…
Fig. 19.1 Jamieson surgical classification of chronic thromboembolic disease (Reprinted from [36] with permission from Elsevier) The surgical technique of sequential PTE with circulatory arrest was developed and standardized at…
Fig. 3.1 The prevalence “of pulmonary hypertension in Armadale, Australia and surrounding regions, December 2009 (Reproduced with permission from [1]) Fig. 3.2 Causes of Group 2 PH (Reproduced with permission…
Fig. 15.1 Simplified representation of “unfolded circulation” with representation of right atrium (RA), right ventricle (RV), lungs, left atrium (LA), left ventricle (LV) and systemic organs. Concepts related to coupling…
Registry Time period Year of publication Method of data collection Location (number of centers) Number of patients NIH* [5] 1981–1985 1987 prospective United States (32) 187 French National* [10] 2002–2003…
Knowledge gap Strategy Example of present or future state Unifying theory of PH across WHO groups Cross-sectional deep phenotyping; consensus phenotypic definitions NHLBI PVD phenomics; consensus documents [1] Predicting PAH…
Fig. 22.1 Capillarization is increased in quadriceps muscle in one PH patient (a) before and (b) after exercise training (Adapted from de Man et al.[8]; Reproduced with permission of the…
Fig. 17.1 Two approaches to initiation of therapy in PAH: sequential combination therapy or up-front combination therapy A. Sequential Combination Therapy. Treatment is initiated with monotherapy and the outcome assessed….
Vessel type Artery Mean α1-AR density (fmol/mg protein) Arteries Central Aorta 9.8 ± 1.8 Small somatic Mammary 6.0 ± 1.3 Splanchnic Mesenteric 13 ± 6.1 Splenic 28 ± 7.7 Hepatic 28 ± 5.9 Renal Renal 23 ± 5.9 Pulmonary Pulmonary artery 24 ± 5.2…
