Potential impact of the transition in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the population Transition→ Changes in the risk profile for cardiovascular diseases→ Possible metabolic responses (which may vary between…
Fig. 1 Global Action Is Needed It is obvious that all of this is too much and too important to be left in the hands of the cardiologists or of…
Fig. 1 West–east gradient in CVD mortality Fig. 2 Expenditure on health care Within Europe, CVD mortality has in general declined in the West and increased in the East, although…
Fig. 1 Risk of CHD according to elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated cholesterol, and left ventricular hypertrophy: Framingham cohort 6-year follow-up. Elevated BP = ≥160/95; elevated cholesterol = ≥260 mg/dl (D’Agostinho et al….
Fig. 1 Strategies for prevention of Chagas disease [28] Primary prevention seeks to avoid the occurrence of new infections, i.e., to eliminate the risk of infection of exposed individuals and…
Risk factor OR (CI 99 %) PAR (99 % CI) Apo-B/ApoA-1 3.25 (2.81–3.76) 49.2 (43.8–54.5) Smoking 2.87 (2.58–3.19) 35.7 (32.5–39.1) Diabetes 2.37 (2.07–2.71) 9.9 (8.5–11.5) Hypertension 1.91 (1.74–2.10) 17.9 (15.7–20.4)…
Fig. 1 Time-course of cardiovascular mortality in the United States [2] with an overlay of important prevention research phases from the 1940s until today Major Historic Trajectories of Research in…
Mortality and morbidity Indicator Premature mortality from noncommunicable disease Target: A 25 % relative reduction in overall mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory diseases. • Unconditional probability…
Fig. 1 Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter data from the tele-ECG system. AFRVR atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (DeMoraes et al. [7]) Stroke and Other Complications in AF The…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Jadelson Andrade, Fausto Pinto and Donna Arnett (eds.)Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases10.1007/978-3-319-22357-5_24 Frugal Innovation: Solutions for Sustainable Global Cardiovascular Health Donna K. Arnett1, 2 and Steven A. Claas3 (1) Department of Epidemiology, School of Public…
