Gender Differences in CAS
Fig. 18.1 Deaths by cause in men and women, Europe (European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics, 2012) Annually in the United States, there are more than 700,000 new cases of stroke. Of…
Percutaneous Treatment During Pregnancy
Fig. 19.1 Changes in cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), plasma volume (PV), total peripheral vascular resistance(TPVR), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure),…
Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Indication Device Reason of implantation Bridge-to-decision vaECMO, Impella, TandemHeart Cardiogenic shock (INTERMACS Level 1); need for further evaluation before implantation of a long-term device (e.g., evaluation of neurological outcome after…
Closure of Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale
Fig. 13.1 Showing cross-sectional and colour Doppler transoesophageal echocardiographic images of a large atrial septal defect with a deficient aortic rim Fig. 13.2 Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiographic images with measurements of…
Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta Percutaneous Treatment
Thoracic stent grafts Fabric Stents Min Ø Max Ø Min Fr Max Fr Cook ZenithTX2 Woven polyester Steel 28 42 20 22 Cook Zenith Alpha Woven polyester Nitinol 18 48…
Biventricular Pacing in Women for Heart Failure
Fig. 15.1 Cumulative probability of HF or death by treatment arm in women (a) and men (b). The numbers in the parentheses indicate Kaplan–Meier event rates. CRT‐D indicates cardiac resynchronization…
Surgical and Percutaneous Treatment of Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency
Fig. 11.1 Tricuspid annulus When dealing specifically with women, not many anatomical differences are noted, with the exception of smaller body size (smaller body mass index (BMI)), hence smaller hearts,…
Interventional Treatment of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Women
Fig. 3.1 Cumulative event rates of target lesion revascularization during 3-years of follow-up (From Stefanini et al. [18]) According to the 2012 guidelines of the American College of Cardiology–American Heart…
Women and Invasive Diagnostic Procedures
Modality Population Quality of included studies Number of studies Number of women Summary sensitivity (95 % CI) Summary specificity (95 % CI) Exercise/stress ECG No known All 29 3,392 62…
Treatment of Peripheral Arteriopathy in Women
Fig. 17.1 Gender-specific cumulative primary and secondary patency rates after iliac artery stenting. Black curves represent the female study population; gray curves, the male study population. Interrupted lines represent primary…
