for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS)
Fig. 16.1 (a, b) The evolution of ECMO technology over time from large, complex systems to compact modern devices Irrespective of the changes over the last several decades, ECMO consists…
Interactions and Cardiovascular Support in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Fig. 13.1 Ventricular pressure stroke volume curve. With a decrease in systemic venous return, the ventricle moves from position C to B, diastolic volume and therefore pressure decrease while stroke…
Mechanical Ventilation for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation and Airway Pressure Release Ventilation
Fig. 7.1 Mechanisms of gas exchange and pressure transmission during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Mechanisms include pendelluft (i.e., movement of gas between lung regions with different time constants), convective gas transport…
Respiratory Support in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute lower respiratory tract diseases Bronchiolitis Pneumonia Pulmonary edema Acute chest syndrome Atelectasis Avoidance of intubation or re-intubations Do-Not-Intubate (DNI) or comfort-measures-only (CMO) Immunocompromised status Neuromuscular disorders Neurological illnesses Cystic…
Weaning and Extubation Strategies for Children with PARDS
Recommendation 1: In children with PARDS requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours, the causes that contribute to ongoing ventilator dependence should be systematically evaluated at least once daily. The…
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Immunocompromised Patients
Fig. 15.1 Various etiologies of lung injury in the immunocompromised patient, all with the potential to contribute to severe PARDS While sending cultures, in theory, seems simple, in practice, the…
Pulmonary Treatments for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Fig. 10.1 Computed tomography image of a patient with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, demonstrating heterogeneous lung disease with dependent atelectasis Placing adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in the…
Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Fig. 17.1 Mortality rates over time in published pediatric observational cohorts, predominantly in the Western hemisphere, with sample sizes ≥100 subjects and with similar PARDS-type inclusion criteria. The solid regression…
Nutrition, and Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Author Cohort FO threshold Outcome Gillespie et al. [18] CRRT 10% OR death 3.02 > 10% FO Foland et al. [19] CRRT 10% increment 1.78 OR death for each 10% FO increase…
Sedation, and Neuromuscular Blockade in PARDS
1. Facilitation of procedures or diagnostic studies (a) Endotracheal intubation (b) Central line placement (c) Radiological imaging (MRI, CT scanning) 2. Immobilization during interhospital or intrahospital transport 3. Intensive care…
