Fig. 29.1 Illustration of thrombus-in-transit on echocardiography. (a, b) Transesophageal images documenting a large thrombus straddling the patent foramen ovale with extension into both atria. (c) This thrombus was surgically…
Fig. 22.1 Thrombus in transit through a PFO. A transthoracic echocardiogram image demonstrates a long thrombus straddling the atrial septum as it passes from the right atrium through the patent…
Study Prevalence # migraines % Closed % Migraine improved/cured Length of follow-up (months) Wilmshurst et al. (2000) [9] 21/37 59 86 30 Morandi et al. (2003) [10] 17/62 27 88…
Fig. 6.1 Neutral or “Home” view: (a) 2 dimensional image of the tricuspid valve (arrow) and the LVOT coming into view. (b) Color Doppler through the tricuspid valve showing mild…
Author, year Patient age (year) Number of patients Device Follow-up Closure rate Bartz et al. (2006) [33] 5–35 45 (42 with PFO) ASO (23) 5.3 months 98 % APFO (17)…
Fig. 14.1 Schematic representation of the relative changes in the intrathoracic pressure during normal respiration (a), the Valsalva maneuver (b), and the Mueller maneuver (c). i inspiration, e expiration, empty…
1. Adequate training in PFO closure and preferably other structural heart procedures 2. Device manufacturer specific training on individual occluders 3. Adequate hospital privileges in place 4. Support from senior…
Fig. 28.1 A patient with a CardioSeal device implanted 5 years previously: (a) TEE shows the device with the left atrial arms sticking up into the atrium. If there is…
Living with PFO What are my stroke risks due to PFO? What can I do to minimize these risks? What is the most effective medication to keep me from having…
Endpoint PFO closure Medical therapy HR (95%CI) p-value Death (all cause) 1.0 0 5.20 (0.25–107) 0.95 Cardiovascular death 0 0 Stroke 0.5 2.4 0.20 (0.02–1.72) 0.14 TIA 2.5 3.3 0.71…
