Cardiovascular Risk Factors
TABLE C-1 ESTIMATED VALUE FOR PERCENTILE REGRESSION OF WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE ∗ FOR EUROPEAN AMERICAN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS ACCORDING TO SEX Age (yr) Percentile for Boys Percentile for Girls 10th 25th…
Drugs Used in Pediatric Cardiology
TABLE E-1 DRUG INDEX (FOR DRUGS USED IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY) Trade Name Generic Name Class Abbokinase Urokinase Thrombolytic agent Actiq Fentanyl Narcotic analgesic Adalat Nifedipine Calcium channel blocker Adalat CC…
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects
Most cyanotic congenital heart defects (CHDs) manifest during the neonatal period, requiring a correct diagnosis for appropriate management. Detection of cyanosis has been made much easier in recent years by…
Blood Pressure Values
TABLE B-1 BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS FOR BOYS BY AGE AND HEIGHT PERCENTILE (NHBPEP) Age BP Percentile Systolic BP (mm Hg) Diastolic BP (mm Hg) Percentile of Height Percentile of Height…
Miscellaneous
TABLE A-1 RECURRENCE RISKS GIVEN ONE SIBLING WHO HAS A CARDIOVASCULAR ANOMALY Anomaly Suggested Risk (%) Ventricular septal defect 3.0 Patent ductus arteriosus 3.0 Atrial septal defect 2.5 Tetralogy of…
Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Children
A pacemaker is a device that delivers battery-supplied electrical stimuli over leads to electrodes that are in contact with the heart. It primarily treats bradycardia. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is…
Cardiac Arrhythmias
The frequency and clinical significance of arrhythmias are different in children compared with adults. Although arrhythmias are relatively infrequent in infants and children, the common practice of monitoring cardiac rhythm…
Disturbances of Atrioventricular Conduction
Atrioventricular (AV) block is a disturbance in conduction between the normal sinus impulse and the eventual ventricular response. The block is assigned to one of three classes, depending on the…
Cardiac Tumors
Prevalence Cardiac tumors in the pediatric age group are extremely rare. A primary cardiac tumor was diagnosed in 0.001% to 0.003% of admissions at large children’s referral centers. The male-to-female…
Valvular Heart Disease
Valvular heart diseases are either congenital or acquired in origin. The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations are similar for both entities and are discussed in Chapter 10 , Pathophysiology of Obstructive…
