Introduction The contemporary management of patients with ischemic heart disease demands a sound understanding of the pathophysiologic precipitants of both angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia from which the principles of…
Overview of New Developments Antiarrhythmic drugs have not changed substantially over the last several decades. Even when newer agents have been developed, the potential for proarrhythmia and increased mortality continue…
Introduction Antithrombotic therapy represents a time-tested foundation for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease that is firmly rooted in an understanding of the pathophysiology of common clinical phenotypes, including…
Drug Class Overview and Guidelines Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, heterogenous family of disease states marked by pathologic remodeling of the pulmonary vascular system, leading to increased pulmonary…
Overview Drugs for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is broadly defined as arterial occlusive disease outside of the coronary circulation and generally refers to atherosclerotic occlusive…
Drug Class Overview and Guidelines Obesity is a worldwide societal and medical problem. The most recent estimates (2017) suggest that more than 1.9 billion people in the world are overweight…
Inflammatory responses encompass a series of host defense and repair mechanisms. Inflammatory processes fight off microbial and viral invaders. They aid the repair of injured tissues. Thus, the operation of…
Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes Obesity has become a common problem in Western society, and it is a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the United States it…
Serum cholesterol level is known to be related to incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) found to be a dominant contributor to atherosclerosis. Multiple large landmark…
Introduction Drug therapies for heart failure (HF) differ depending on the phenotype of presentation. Distinctive phenotypes of presentation have different management targets, ranging from acute decompensated HF (ADHF) to chronic…
