Complications

Mar 23, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Complications

Abstract Complications of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) can be classified according to timing (as acute and long-term) and according to location (cardiac coronary, cardiac noncoronary, and…

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The Retrograde Approach

Mar 23, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on The Retrograde Approach

Abstract The retrograde approach to chronic total occlusion (CTO) crossing differs from the antegrade approach because the occlusion is approached from the distal vessel. The retrograde approach can be divided…

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Complex Lesion Subsets

Mar 23, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Complex Lesion Subsets

Abstract There are several complex subsets of chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions, such as CTOs with proximal cap ambiguity, impenetrable proximal or distal cap, flush aortoostial CTOs, ostial circumflex and…

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Equipment

Mar 23, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Equipment

Abstract Availability of dedicated equipment and familiarity with its use are critical for successfully and safely performing chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). CTO PCI equipment can be…

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Antegrade Dissection/Reentry

Mar 23, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Antegrade Dissection/Reentry

Abstract Dissection/reentry can be achieved either in the antegrade or the retrograde direction. Antegrade dissection can be achieved using knuckled guidewires or using the CrossBoss catheter. Antegrade reentry can be…

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The Basics: Timing, Dual Injection, Studying the Lesion, Access, Anticoagulation, Guide Support, Trapping, Pressure and Electrocardiogram Monitoring

Mar 23, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on The Basics: Timing, Dual Injection, Studying the Lesion, Access, Anticoagulation, Guide Support, Trapping, Pressure and Electrocardiogram Monitoring

Abstract Knowledge and application of eight basic principles and techniques are critical for safely and successfully performing chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). First, CTO PCIs should be…

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Putting It All Together: The Hybrid Approach

Mar 23, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Putting It All Together: The Hybrid Approach

Abstract The hybrid algorithm for chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention provides guidance on selection of the optimal CTO crossing strategy in a stepwise fashion. First, dual injection is…

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