EKG in Pericardial Disease
Fig. 4.1 The EKG complex: individual components are identified here and will be discussed in the main text EKG Findings in Acute Pericarditis The pericardium is a fibrous sac that…
Echocardiography in Pericardial Disease
Fig. 5.1 Pericardial anatomy. Panel a: Pericardial fat pad on transthoracic echocardiogram in the parasternal long-axis view. Note the heterogeneous appearance of the two layers of pericardial fat (arrows); one…
Cardiac Catheterization Evaluation of a Patient with Pericardial Disease
Fig. 6.1 Pulmonary artery or “Swan-Ganz” catheter Once venous access is obtained, the catheter is advanced with the balloon inflated to the right atrium, then the right ventricle, the pulmonary…
Multimodality Imaging (X-Ray, CT, and MRI) in Pericardial Disease
Fig. 7.1 (a) Apical four chamber echocardiographic view in a 37 year old man with pericarditis revealing a large circumferential pericardial effusion. (b) Subcostal echocardiographic view in the same patient…
Pathway for the Management of Pericardial Disease
Fig. 13.1 Novel “CHASER” pathway for the management of pericardial disease. The figure outlines a unified, stepwise pathway-based approach to pericardial disease management The Advanced Cardiac Admission Program The “Advanced…
Surgical Management of Pericardial Disease
Fig. 12.1 Computerized tomography scan of the chest demonstrating a patient with delayed pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery resulting in hypotension, low cardiac output, and bilateral pleural effusions with atelectasis…
Etiologies of Pericardial Diseases
1. Idiopathic (acute and recurrent pericarditis) 2. Infectious (i) Viral – Coxsackie A/B, echovirus, CMV,EBV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV/AIDS, Influenza, adenovirus, varicella, rubella, mumps, parvovirus, B19, HHV6 (ii) Bacterial –…
Anatomy and Physiology of the Pericardium
Fig. 1.1 Human heart with pericardium splayed (black arrows) revealing epicardial fat (asterisk) The normal pericardial thickness is less than 2 mm as seen on imaging studies and less than…
History and Physical Examination of a Patient with Pericardial Disease
Fig. 3.1 A classic three component friction rub and its timing within the cardiac cycle Pericardial Effusion Without Compression Background Pericardial effusion is an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial…
Constrictive Pericardial Heart Disease
Fig. 9.1 Tubular deformity of the left ventricle in pericardial constriction Fig. 9.2 Respiro-phasic variation due to ventricular interaction in constriction Fig. 9.3 Pericardial thickening (black arrows) and calcification (white…
