Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
Fig. 13.1 The activation of innate and adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis. (a) The innate immune response. Modified LDL particles taken-up by scavenger receptors may activate the inflammasome, leading to…
Cardiorenal Syndrome: What Basic Research Can Contribute
Fig. 26.1 With blue color all reports, with red color reports using animal models 26.2 What Has Been Done The most frequently used animal models for studying cardiorenal syndrome are…
In vitro Experimental Assessment of Cardiac Function
Fig. 20.1 Representation of several components of a single skinned cardiomyocyte setup (a) where a permeabilized (skinned) cardiomyocyte (b) is glued between a force transducer (FT) and a servomotor (SM)…
Cell Therapy in Cardiac Diseases
Fig. 30.1 The pathway to clinical translation. Vital steps along the path involve small-animal studies (proof-of-concept studies and studies to investigate the mechanism of action) and large-animal studies (to optimize…
Moving Towards a Novel Paradigm in Drug Development for Worsening Heart Failure: The T1 Model (Mechanistic Translational Phase)
Pathophysiology and epidemiology 1. Poor understanding of the pathophysiology in AHFS 2. Heterogeneous patient population in terms of pathophysiology, etiology, and clinical presentation 3. Uncertain relationship between hemodynamics and neurohormonal…
Animal Models of Cardiovascular Disease
Fig. 19.1 Relationship between different strains of rats whose selective crossing over several generations gave rise to different animal models of diabetes, hypertension, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Currently male obese…
Calcium Cycling Circuits in Cardiac Physiology and Pathophysiology
Fig. 12.1 Schematic representation of SR Ca2+-cycling proteins and their global interactions in cardiomyocytes. (a) Calcium enters through the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and activates the ryanodine receptor (RyR) to release…
Clinical Aspects of Cardiorenal Syndrome: Consequences of Therapy with the Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors
Fig. 27.1 Increasing number of publications in PUBMED regarding cardiorenal syndrome The term syndrome derives from the Greek συνδρομή (sundromē) that means “concurrence of symptoms, concourse” and reflects the presence…
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Human Health and Disease
Fig. 6.1 The HPA axis and systemic actions of glucocorticoids. CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone, ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone (Figure 6.1 was prepared using image vectors from Servier Medical Art (www.ervier.com), licensed under…
Gene Therapy for the Heart
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Dennis V. Cokkinos (ed.)Introduction to Translational Cardiovascular Research10.1007/978-3-319-08798-6_29 29. Gene Therapy for the Heart Eleni Papanikolaou1, 2 and Nicholas P. Anagnou1, 2 (1) Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation…
