15 Congenital Heart Defects

Jun 13, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on 15 Congenital Heart Defects

10.1055/b-0035-121510 15 Congenital Heart Defects 15.1 Atrial Septal Defects 15.1.1 Basics Definition An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a pathological connection between the left and the right atrium. The defect…

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18 Cardiac Arrhythmias

Jun 13, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on 18 Cardiac Arrhythmias

10.1055/b-0035-121513 18 Cardiac Arrhythmias 18.1 Antiarrhythmic Drugs 18.1.1 Basics Antiarrhythmic drugs play a central role in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in childhood. But their use must be weighed critically….

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17 Cardiomyopathies

Jun 13, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on 17 Cardiomyopathies

10.1055/b-0035-121512 17 Cardiomyopathies 17.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 17.1.1 Basics Definition Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disease characterized by enlargement of all cardiac chambers (Fig. 17.1). The dilatation of the left…

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23 Syndromic Diseases with Cardiac Involvement

Jun 13, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on 23 Syndromic Diseases with Cardiac Involvement

10.1055/b-0035-121518 23 Syndromic Diseases with Cardiac Involvement 23.1 Overview of Syndromic Diseases with Cardiac Involvement An overview of the most common syndromic diseases associated with congenital heart defects is presented…

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22 Eisenmenger Syndrome

Jun 13, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on 22 Eisenmenger Syndrome

10.1055/b-0035-121517 22 Eisenmenger Syndrome 22.1.1 Basics Synonym: Eisenmenger reaction Definition The Eisenmenger syndrome is a secondary form of pulmonary hypertension, in which, due to a heart defect with an originally…

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21 Pulmonary Hypertension

Jun 13, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on 21 Pulmonary Hypertension

10.1055/b-0035-121516 21 Pulmonary Hypertension 21.1.1 Basics Definition Pulmonary hypertension is present when the mean pulmonary artery pressure is greater than 25 mmHg at rest or greater than 30 mmHg during…

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20 Arterial Hypertension

Jun 13, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on 20 Arterial Hypertension

10.1055/b-0035-121515 20 Arterial Hypertension 20.1.1 Basics Definition Arterial hypertension is defined as an increase in systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure over the gender-specific 95th percentile for the age or size…

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19 Heart Failure

Jun 13, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on 19 Heart Failure

10.1055/b-0035-121514 19 Heart Failure 19.1.1 Basics Definition Heart failure is defined as the inability of the heart to pump sufficient cardiac output to meet the metabolic needs of the body…

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16 Acquired Cardiac Diseases

Jun 13, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on 16 Acquired Cardiac Diseases

10.1055/b-0035-121511 16 Acquired Cardiac Diseases 16.1 Myocarditis 16.1.1 Basics Synonym: inflammatory cardiomyopathy Definition Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that can have greatly varying clinically courses and a…

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