15 Congenital Heart Defects
10.1055/b-0035-121510 15 Congenital Heart Defects 15.1 Atrial Septal Defects 15.1.1 Basics Definition An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a pathological connection between the left and the right atrium. The defect…
18 Cardiac Arrhythmias
10.1055/b-0035-121513 18 Cardiac Arrhythmias 18.1 Antiarrhythmic Drugs 18.1.1 Basics Antiarrhythmic drugs play a central role in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in childhood. But their use must be weighed critically….
17 Cardiomyopathies
10.1055/b-0035-121512 17 Cardiomyopathies 17.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 17.1.1 Basics Definition Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disease characterized by enlargement of all cardiac chambers (Fig. 17.1). The dilatation of the left…
23 Syndromic Diseases with Cardiac Involvement
10.1055/b-0035-121518 23 Syndromic Diseases with Cardiac Involvement 23.1 Overview of Syndromic Diseases with Cardiac Involvement An overview of the most common syndromic diseases associated with congenital heart defects is presented…
22 Eisenmenger Syndrome
10.1055/b-0035-121517 22 Eisenmenger Syndrome 22.1.1 Basics Synonym: Eisenmenger reaction Definition The Eisenmenger syndrome is a secondary form of pulmonary hypertension, in which, due to a heart defect with an originally…
21 Pulmonary Hypertension
10.1055/b-0035-121516 21 Pulmonary Hypertension 21.1.1 Basics Definition Pulmonary hypertension is present when the mean pulmonary artery pressure is greater than 25 mmHg at rest or greater than 30 mmHg during…
20 Arterial Hypertension
10.1055/b-0035-121515 20 Arterial Hypertension 20.1.1 Basics Definition Arterial hypertension is defined as an increase in systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure over the gender-specific 95th percentile for the age or size…
19 Heart Failure
10.1055/b-0035-121514 19 Heart Failure 19.1.1 Basics Definition Heart failure is defined as the inability of the heart to pump sufficient cardiac output to meet the metabolic needs of the body…
16 Acquired Cardiac Diseases
10.1055/b-0035-121511 16 Acquired Cardiac Diseases 16.1 Myocarditis 16.1.1 Basics Synonym: inflammatory cardiomyopathy Definition Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that can have greatly varying clinically courses and a…
