Imaging and Heart Failure
Women Men Normal Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal Normal Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal Mass (g) 66–150 151–171 172–182 ≥ 183 96–200 201–227 228–254 ≥255 Mass/BSA (g/m2)…
Mechanical Circulatory Support as a Bridge to Heart Transplantation
Fig. 27.1 Generations of left ventricular assist devices. (a) Schematic drawing of the implanted first-generation LVAD HeartMate XVE. (b) Schematic drawing of the implanted second-generation LVAD HeartMate II. (c) Third-generation…
Exercise and Patients with Heart Failure
Fig. 33.1 Mechanisms to augment cardiac output (C.O.) in (a) healthy persons and (b) Patients with heart failure VO2 = C.O. (HR × SV) (Reprinted from Pina et al. [4],…
Inhibition of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Fig. 6.1 Summary of the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. An initial myocardial injury, such as myocardial infarction,…
Molecular Changes in Heart Failure
Fig. 1.1 Physiologic and pathologic hypertrophic signaling Mechanical stretch also activates G-protein-coupled plasma membrane receptors such as AT1R and endothelin A (ETA) in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, leading…
Post-transplant Complications: Hypertension, Renal Dysfunction, Diabetes Mellitus, Malignancy, Arrhythmias, Osteoporosis, Sexual Dysfunction
1. Calcineurin inhibitors Increased calcium permeability into mesangial cells Increased free calcium in smooth muscle cells Reduced glomerular ultrafiltration and renal failure Increased sympathetic activity Increased vasoconstrictive neurohormones (endothelin) 2….
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure
Recommendations Class of recommendation Level of evidence CRT is indicated for patients who have LVEF ≤35 %, sinus rhythm, LBBB with a QRS ≥150 ms, and NYHA class II, III,…
Cardiac Defibrillators and Heart Failure
Secondary prevention Class I ICD therapy is indicated in patients who are survivors of cardiac arrest due to VF or hemodynamically unstable sustained VT after evaluation to define the cause…
Acute Mechanical Circulatory Support
By low-output syndromes: Cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock acute decompensation of pre-existing chronic heart failure: non-ischemic: congenital, iron overload, amyloidosis, postviral, metabolic or ischemic cardiomyopathy, VAD failure (mechanical, electrical, pump…
Heart Failure Management and Development of Heart Failure Programs
AHRQ prevention quality indicators Primary diagnosis (% of total; N) Secondary diagnosis (% of total; N) Heart failure 34 % (6514) 55 %(10,589) Hypertension 0.14 % (27) 34 %(6588) COPD…
