Fig. 5.1 Underdiagnosis of COPD in the absence of routine spirometry. Reproduced with permission from Insights for Improvement: Advancing COPD Care Through Quality Measurement. Copyright © 2009 by the National…
Cancer Cardiovascular Respiratory Other • Oropharynx • Stroke • Chronic obstructive pulmonary • Oral cleftsa • Larynx • Coronary heart disease • α1-antitrypsin deficiency and cutis laxa are genetic causes…
Fig. 14.1 Home sleep recording showing ventilatory response to a disturbance (central apnea) in the setting of high loop gain chemoreceptor response. Notice how high loop gain results in overreaction…
Fig. 10.1 Age-adjusted prevalence (%) of self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD among adults ≥25 years, by sex and year—United States, National Health Interview Survey, 1999–2011 [11] There may be gender differences in…
Risk factor Impact Tobacco smoke (direct or passive exposure) Multiple respiratory illnesses, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, and lung cancer Air pollution Morbidity and mortality from asthma…
Fig. 4.1 African-American foundry worker preparing to pour molten metal at a foundry in Minnesota. Photo by David Parker, MD Introduction Federal and state governmental programs to address health disparities…
Fig. 11.1 Conceptual framework for TB Control, with posited interventions targeting socioeconomic position at household level. Reprinted with permission of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Copyright The…
Fig. 15.1 Differences and disparities in end-of-life care: definitions, examples, and potential solutions References 1. Mularski RA, Curtis JR, Billings JA, et al. Proposed quality measures for palliative care in…
Critical care settings Descriptive studies Mechanistic studies Interventional studies Emergency Department * _ _ Cardiac Critical Care ** * _ Medical Critical Care *** ** _ Neurologic Critical Care ***…
Fig. 8.1 Conceptual model linking social stress to lung growth/development and asthma Early Life Programming of Lung Structure and Function Exposure to negative social factors (e.g., low SES, psychological stress)…
