Basic Aspects of Physiology During ECMO Support
Fig. 3.1 Oxygen delivery (VO2ML) and carbon dioxide removal (VCO2ML) as a function of ECMO blood flow (BF). Operative range of BF of main CO2 removal techniques is represented. VV-LF-ECCO…
Materials: Cannulas, Pumps, Oxygenators
Fig. 6.1 The techniques used to coat the circuits are classified into two categories: (a) Ionic bond: bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and…
Respiratory Monitoring of the ECMO Patient
Since the measurement of intrapulmonary shunt requires ventilation with pure oxygen, we usually perform this global daily assessment, setting the ventilator and sweep gas FiO2 to 100 %. On the…
Echocardiography in Venoarterial and Venovenous ECMO
Common indications Cardiogenic shock Refractory cardiac arrest Impossible weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery Myocarditis Intoxication or sepsis with severe myocardial depression “Primary graft failure” after heart or lung…
Monitoring the ECMO Patient: The Extracorporeal Circuit
Fig. 35.1 Time course of platelets, fibrinogen, D-dimer % change from baseline between ML change-outs (black vertical lines) during a prolonged VV ECMO treatment, showing “circuit coagulation activation” A significant…
Ground Transport: Ambulance
Advantages Disadvantages Not influenced by weather Shorter maximum distance coverage Available night and day Safety of transportation negatively affected by street roughness, other vehicles, traffic Airports/heliport and secondary transportation not…
Neurological Monitoring During ECMO
Fig. 34.1 Continuous multimodal neuromonitoring during postcardiotomy ECMO; on the upper side, the neurophysiological, NIRS, and TCD monitoring are highlighted 34.3 Neurophysiological Monitoring of Brain Function Brain function can be…
Haemodynamic Monitoring
Fick principle Pulsed Doppler technology Echocardiography Pulse contour analysis Bioimpedance Bioreactance 32.2.1.2 SvO2 The maintenance of the adequate tissue oxygen supply–demand balance is fundamental in the critically ill patients on…
Surgical Cannulation: Indication, Technique, and Complications
Fig. 5.1 Central cannulation. Ao aorta, PV pulmonary vein, LA left atrium, RV right ventricle, LV left ventricle 5.2.2 Surgical Technique The site for the cannulation of the aorta is…
ECMO in the Awake/Extubated Patient
Fig. 24.1 CO2 removal at different levels of sweep gas flow (SGF) during awake vvECMO. Increasing levels of SGF were associated with an increase of extracorporeal CO2 removal and a…
