Supraventricular rhythms
Section 1 Supraventricular rhythms Normal sinus rhythm Normal sinus rhythm with a normal U wave Sinus arrhythmia (irregular sinus rhythm) Sinus tachycardia Sinus bradycardia Atrial bigeminy Atrial trigeminy Ectopic atrial…
Miscellaneous
Section 10 Miscellaneous The athletic heart Acute pulmonary embolus (PE) Cardiac amyloidosis Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) Left ventricular aneurysm Acute pericarditis Pericardial effusion Pericardial effusion with electrical alternans Wolff-Parkinson-White…
Ischaemic heart disease
Section 6 Ischaemic heart disease Myocardial ischaemia – ST depression Myocardial ischaemia – T wave inversion Myocardial ischaemia – non-specific changes Acute extensive anterior myocardial infarction Acute anterolateral myocardial infarction…
Ventricular rhythms
Section 2 Ventricular rhythms Ventricular premature beat (VPB) Ventricular bigeminy Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Ventricular tachycardia – atrioventricular dissociation Ventricular tachycardia – capture and fusion beats Ventricular tachycardia – morphology of…
Bundle branch block
Section 3 Bundle branch block Right bundle branch block (RBBB) Incomplete right bundle branch block Left bundle branch block (LBBB) Incomplete left bundle branch block Left anterior hemiblock Left posterior…
Hypertrophy patterns
Section 7 Hypertrophy patterns Right atrial abnormality (P-pulmonale) Left atrial abnormality (P-mitrale) Biatrial hypertrophy Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) – limb lead criteria Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)…
Systemic disorders and drug effects
Section 8 Systemic disorders and drug effects Hypothermia Hyperkalaemia (subtle ECG changes) Hyperkalaemia (extreme ECG features) Hypokalaemia Hypocalcaemia Hypercalcaemia Digoxin (digitalis) effect Tricyclic antidepressant overdose Case 76 A thin 79-year-old…
Heart block
Section 4 Heart block First degree heart block Second degree heart block – Mobitz type 1 or Wenckebach AV block Second degree heart block – Mobitz type 2 Second degree…
Technical issues
Section 9 Technical issues Electrical interference Skeletalmuscle interference Regular skeletal muscle interference ‘Technical’ dextrocardia Misplaced chest leads Case 84 A routine preoperative recording Electrical interference • A regular wave at…
Pacemakers
Section 5 Pacemakers Ventricular pacemaker Dual chamber pacing (AV sequential pacing) Problems with pacemakers – failure to sense Problems with pacemakers – failure to capture Polymorphic VT with cardioversion and…
