3.9 “Typical” Atrial Flutter Nonisthmus-Dependent “Atypical” Atrial Flutter (Right Atrial With Atrial Septal Defect) Differential diagnosis: Typical atrial flutter Atrial ectopic tachycardia AV nodal reentry tachycardia Orthodromic WPW tachycardia Sinus…
3.5 Mixed Types of Block Left Posterior Hemiblock Differential diagnosis: Right bundle branch block Left bundle branch block Left anterior hemiblock Bifascicular block WPW syndrome Bifascicular Block—Complete Right Bundle Branch…
3.13 Ventricular Tachycardia Slow Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Following Anterior Infarction, Spontaneous Termination Etiology: Coronary heart disease with status post infarct Mechanism: Area in the region of the infarction scar with…
3.12 Ventricular Extrasystole Ventricular Extrasystole—Singular Mechanism: Focal activity, interventricular reentry, or reentry around scars (infarct, patch, etc.) ECG characteristics: Premature widened QRS complex with compensatory pause (2 × RR) With…
5.1 Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Mechanism: Hypertrophy of the left ventricular musculature as a consequence of systolic or diastolic overload This determines: Rotation of the cardiac axis in…
5.12 ECG Changes With Electrolyte Shifts Digitalis Characteristics: Positive inotropic substance Mechanism of action: Blockade of sodium–potassium–ATPase, causing an increase in intracellular calcium Among other features, slowing of conduction at…
5.4 Pericarditis and Myocarditis Pericarditis ECG characteristics: Etiology: Inflammatory (viral, bacterial, fungi, TB) Post infarct (Dressler syndrome) Metabolic Systemic disease ECG characteristics: ST segment elevation with S saw-toothing Initially positive…
5.13 P Wave Changes Morphological Changes of the PWave (I) Mechanism: Systolic or diastolic overload of the right atrium resulting in hypertrophy ECG characteristics: Pin II, III ≥ 0.3 mV…
4.6 Stress-Induced Ischemia in the Infarct Region Following Posterior Myocardial Infarction Stress-Induced Ischemia in the Infarct Region Following Anterior Myocardial Infarction Differential diagnosis: Condition post anterior wall infarction Occurrence of…
3.6 Supraventricular Extrasystole SVES, Singular Mechanism: Focal atrial activity or intraatrial reentry AV node conduction capacity determines conduction to the ventricles (QRS complex) ECG characteristics: Premature P wave (often other…
