channels involved in ventricular repolarization such as those responsible for the fast component of the repolarizing transient outward K current () through the K4.2–KChIP2 channel, thereby prolonging ventricular action potential…
and reactive oxygen species. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), that is, exposure to short (5-min) episodes of hypoxia and reoxygenation, protects the heart against injury caused by a subsequent prolonged episode of…
-Adrenoceptors 1.5 Interactions Between Cardiac Cell Populations 1.5.1 Examples of Signaling Messengers 1.5.2 Mitochondrial Signals 1.5.3 Epicardium 1.5.4 Cardiac Cell–Endotheliocyte Interactions 1.5.5 Adipocyte and Structural Remodeling 1.5.6 Interactions Between Cardiac…
and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mice can develop atherosclerosis both with and without high-fat feeding, hence their selection as a representative model of human situation. However, lesions that develop over…
1 7.4.6 GPCR Kinase 7.4.7 Cardiorenal Syndrome 7.5 Cardiac Energetics 7.5.1 Modeling 7.5.2 Regulators of Cardiac Energetics 7.5.3 Mitochondrial Dysfunction 7.6 Remodeling 7.6.1 Transverse Tubule Remodeling in Heart Failure 7.6.2…
Wall constituent Changes Myocytes Hypertrophy, lengthening Reexpression of fetal gene program Altered excitation–contraction coupling Impaired energy metabolism Defective myofibrillar content and function Apoptosis, necrosis Vasculature Endothelial dysfunction Intimal thickening Smooth…
300 ms) can benefit from pacing. Pacemakers also are used to treat advanced heart failure with major intraventricular conduction disorders, mainly left bundle-branch block (biventricular pacing for resynchronization). Automatic calibration leads…
). The plane of the valve is not flat, but resembles a saddle. During the cardiac cycle, the mitral valve size and shape change. In particular, the size of the…
Component Constituents Myofilaments Actin, tropomyosin, troponin-C/I/T Myosin Hemisarcomere Titin, nebulin, MyBPc3 Z disc α-actinin, Tcap (telethonin), CRSP3 (MLP) M line, H zone Myomesin CRSP3 (MLP) cardiac cysteine and glycine-rich protein-3 (or muscle LIM…
