Thoracic Key

Cerebrovascular Disease in Persons With Diabetes

May 17, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Cerebrovascular Disease in Persons With Diabetes

Stroke—in particular the ischemic subtype—is one of the major vascular manifestations of diabetes, together with coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and diabetic retinopathy. The relationship between hyperglycemia…

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Disparities in Type 2 Diabetes Risk, Cardiovascular Consequences, and Care: Females, Racial/Ethnic Minorities, and the Elderly

May 17, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Disparities in Type 2 Diabetes Risk, Cardiovascular Consequences, and Care: Females, Racial/Ethnic Minorities, and the Elderly

DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS Diabetes is a worldwide epidemic, with 537 million adults living with it, and predictions show this will grow to 783 million by 2045. In the United…

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Chronic Kidney Disease: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk and Management in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

May 17, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Chronic Kidney Disease: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk and Management in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Key Points • Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) need to be regularly (e.g., annually) screened for chronic kidney disease (CKD) or have their CKD staged using assessments of glomerular filtration…

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The Quality Chasm and the Need for Implementation Science to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

May 17, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on The Quality Chasm and the Need for Implementation Science to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has long been the leading cause of death among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who are twice as likely to develop CVD than those…

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Role of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Diabetes

May 17, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Role of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, thereby affecting multiple vascular territories and increasing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. At the cardiac level, it is…

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Atrial Fibrillation in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes

May 17, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Atrial Fibrillation in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes

Disclosures. LF: consultant or speaker fees of small amounts for AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic, Novartis, Novo, and Zoll outside of this work. Key points • Opportunistic screening for…

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Pathology and Vascular Biology of Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

May 17, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Pathology and Vascular Biology of Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Key Points • Multiple factors promote atherosclerosis in diabetes. Hyperglycemia itself exerts direct effects through reprogramming of fundamental biochemical mechanisms, such as the polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway, and protein kinase…

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Cardiovascular and Kidney Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists

May 17, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Cardiovascular and Kidney Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists

KEY POINTS • GLP-1RAs lower MACE by around 14% to 15% overall with broadly consistent benefits across its constituents’ outcomes, including CV death. • Three drugs in the class—liraglutide, semaglutide,…

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Effect of Blood Pressure Management on Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

May 17, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Effect of Blood Pressure Management on Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

The effects of blood pressure (BP) management on the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) and other vascular outcomes among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been extensively…

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Prevention of Heart Failure in People With Diabetes

May 17, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Prevention of Heart Failure in People With Diabetes

INTRODUCTION Chronic heart failure (HF) is increasing in prevalence affecting over 6.9 million patients in the United States, and it is estimated that over 20 million individuals have HF globally….

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