Long-Term Anticoagulation for Cardiac Conditions Richard D. Taylor, MDRichard W. Asinger, MD General Considerations Intracardiac thrombi can form and lead to devastating consequences as a result of obstruction of blood…
The Athlete and the Heart Antonio B. Fernandez, MDPaul D. Thompson, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS The patient has an extensive history of exercise training There may be profound sinus…
Infective Endocarditis Michael H. Crawford, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Fever. Blood cultures positive for bacteria or fungi. Characteristic cardiac lesions on echocardiography. General Considerations Infective endocarditis is one…
Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Liviu Klein, MD, MS ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Dyspnea on exertion and at rest, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and fatigue. Elevated jugular venous pressure,…
Sudden Cardiac Death Andrew E. Darby, MDJohn P. DiMarco, MD, PhD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Unexpected death occurring within an hour of onset of symptoms. Primary electrical mechanisms include ventricular…
Myocarditis Michael H. Crawford, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS New congestive heart failure with a history of an antecedent viral syndrome. Elevated cardiac biomarkers. Electrocardiogram shows sinus tachycardia, nonspecific ST-T…
Atrial Fibrillation Melvin M. Scheinman, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm. Absence of P waves on the electrocardiogram. General Considerations Atrial fibrillation, the most common sustained…
Mitral Regurgitation Michael H. Crawford, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Dyspnea or orthopnea. Characteristic apical systolic murmur. Color-flow Doppler echocardiographic evidence of systolic regurgitation into the left atrium. General…
Cardiogenic Shock Edward McNulty, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Tissue hypoperfusion: depressed mental status, cool extremities, decreased urinary output. Hypotension: systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg. Reduced cardiac output:…
