Thoracic Key

Fig. 2.1 Post-acoustic shadows due to severe calcified lesions, metal stent struts, and guidewires. (a) Heavy calcified lesions mask the plaque underneath between the 9 and 3 o’clock positions (arrowheads)….

Fig. 26.1 The relation of percent diameter stenosis of the left circumflex artery to resting mean flow (dashed line) and hyperemic response (solid line) after intracoronary injection of Hypaque in…

Fig. 23.1 Correction of transducer height . If the transducer is higher than aorta height level, the measured pressure can be lower than the real pressure (a) and vice versa…

Fig. 21.1 Four basic requirements for FFR measurement. (1) Aortic pressure (Pa) measured by the conventional catheter-based blood pressure system. (2) Distal coronary pressure (Pd) measured by the pressure sensor….

Fig. 7.1 A representative images showing stent symmetry and eccentricity . Minimum and maximum stent diameters with 1 mm interval over the length of the device were shown. Stent (Xience…

Fig. 8.1 Optimal minimal stent area in the sirolimus-eluting stent (a), paclitaxel-eluting stent (b), zotarolimus-eluting stent (c), and everolimus-eluting stent (d) to predict angiographic restenosis (Reproduced from Song et al….

Fig. 29.1 The mechanism of a low FFR after PCI In previous studies included relatively simple lesions with an overall low coronary artery disease burden, post-PCI FFR > 0.90 has been considered…

Imaging modality Resolution Cap thickness Lipid core Calcium Thrombus Macrophage Neovascularization IVUS 100 μm + + ++ + − − OCT 10 μm +++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ VH 100 μm +…

EEM and lumen measurement Lumen cross-sectional area The area bounded by the luminal border Minimum lumen diameter The shortest diameter through the center point of the lumen Maximum lumen diameter…

Fig. 22.1 Schematic model representing the coronary circulation. AO aorta, Pa arterial pressure, Pd distal coronary pressure, Pv venous pressure, Q blood flow through the myocardial vascular bed, Qc collateral…