Thoracic Key

Remodeling of the Cardiac Interstitium in Heart Failure Karl T. Weber Yao Sun Syamal K. Bhattacharya Robert A. Ahokas Ivan C. Gerling Chronic cardiac failure (CCF) is a major health…

Cellular, Molecular, and Structural Changes During Cardiac Remodeling Richard D. Patten Heart failure is associated with activation of neurohormonal and cytokine signaling pathways that alter the structure and function of…

Heart Failure with Normal Ejection Fraction Carolyn S. P. Lam Margaret M. Redfield Heart failure (HF) may be defined as the inability of the heart to pump adequate blood volume…

Abnormalities in Cardiac Contraction: Systolic Dysfunction Blase A. Carabello To sustain life, the heart must pump a cardiac output adequate to supply the tissues’ needs for nutrients. In providing this…

Abnormalities in Calcium Cycling in Heart Failure Judith Karen Gwathmey Federica del Monte Roger Joseph Hajjar The major abnormality in the failing heart is loss of contractility. The seemingly logical…

Cytoskeletal Abnormalities in Cardiocytes During Heart Failure George Cooper, IV The cytoskeleton as classically defined for eukaryotic cells consists of three systems of protein filaments. These are the microtubules, the…

Determinants of Cardiac Remodeling and Progression to Heart Failure Jean-Jacques Mercadier The pathways and mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and progression to heart failure (HF) have been for decades (if not…

Cellular and Molecular Abnormalities in Failing Cardiac Myocytes Rachel Wilson Xiongwen Chen Steven R. Houser Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a syndrome characterized by poor pump performance of the heart,…

Epidemiology of Heart Failure Mikhail Kosiborod Harlan M. Krumholz The epidemic of heart failure (HF) is an important public health issue facing the health care system. The scope of the…