Cardiac Transcription Factors and Regulatory Networks
Fig. 12.1 Correlated gene groups. (a) Cluster dendrogram showing 13 correlated gene groups. Clustering was derived by cutting the cluster tree at the 0.001 quantile of a random distribution. The…
Human Genetics of Atrial Septal Defect
Gene symbol Protein Extracardiac phenotypes Reference Sarcomeric protein ACTC1 Alpha-cardiac actin No [15] MYH6 Alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain No [16] MYH7 Beta-myosin heavy chain No [17] Signaling pathway …
Epigenetics
Fig. 15.1 Epigenetic regulators modify histone tails of a nucleosome. Epigenetic factors can be categorized into “writers,” “erasers,” and “readers.” Writers add specific modifications to the histone tails of a…
Inflow Tract Development
Fig. 5.1 The dorsal mesocardium and development of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion. Panels a and b show the dorsal mesocardium at the venous pole of an E9.5 mouse heart. The…
Environmental Signals
Risk category Description A Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk…
Hemodynamics During Development and Postnatal Life
Fig. 9.1 Pressure overload model in the chick embryo. The embryo at day 4 of incubation (left panel) is exposed by amniotomy, and through the developing chest wall, a piece…
Cardiac Conduction System
Fig. 8.1 Schematic overview of heart development in higher vertebrates. The early heart tube has a primitive phenotype (light purple). Chamber myocardium (gray) expands rapidly, whereas primary myocardium (purple) of…
First and Second Heart Field
Fig. 3.1 Formation of the heart from the first and second heart fields. Schematic representation of cardiogenesis showing the contribution of the first heart field (FHF – red), located in…
Evolutionary Aspects of Cardiac Development
Fig. 10.1 The evolutionarily conserved building plan of the heart. (a) All vertebrate embryos form a heart tube with slow propagating peristaltic contractions reflected in a sinusoid ECG. (b) Atrial…
Epicardium and Coronary Arteries
Fig. 6.1 Graphic summary of coronary blood vessel development in relation to epicardial-derived cell lineages. The upper left cartoon reproduces the characteristic concentric arrangement of coronary blood vessel cell types…
