Fig. 22.1 Diagrammatic representation of the types and locations of VSDs. The anterior surface of the heart has been removed, revealing the ventricular septum as viewed from the right side….
Fig. 12.1 Correlated gene groups. (a) Cluster dendrogram showing 13 correlated gene groups. Clustering was derived by cutting the cluster tree at the 0.001 quantile of a random distribution. The…
Fig. 7.1 Specification of cardiac asymmetry. (a) Cilia generated leftward flow at the embryonic node initiate an asymmetric signaling cascade in which nodal, lefty2, and pitx2 are expressed exclusively in…
Gene symbol Protein Extracardiac phenotypes Reference Sarcomeric protein ACTC1 Alpha-cardiac actin No [15] MYH6 Alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain No [16] MYH7 Beta-myosin heavy chain No [17] Signaling pathway …
Risk category Description A Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk…
Fig. 5.1 The dorsal mesocardium and development of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion. Panels a and b show the dorsal mesocardium at the venous pole of an E9.5 mouse heart. The…
Fig. 15.1 Epigenetic regulators modify histone tails of a nucleosome. Epigenetic factors can be categorized into “writers,” “erasers,” and “readers.” Writers add specific modifications to the histone tails of a…
Fig. 9.1 Pressure overload model in the chick embryo. The embryo at day 4 of incubation (left panel) is exposed by amniotomy, and through the developing chest wall, a piece…
Fig. 8.1 Schematic overview of heart development in higher vertebrates. The early heart tube has a primitive phenotype (light purple). Chamber myocardium (gray) expands rapidly, whereas primary myocardium (purple) of…
Fig. 3.1 Formation of the heart from the first and second heart fields. Schematic representation of cardiogenesis showing the contribution of the first heart field (FHF – red), located in…
