Interatrial Communications
How common are interatrial communications —mostly the theostium secundum type of atrial septal defect and ostium primum type of atrial septal defect ( Figs. 9.1 and 9.2 )? Is atrial…
Juxtaposition of the Atrial Appendages
The anomaly now known as juxtaposition of the atrial appendages (JAA) was first described, to the best of our knowledge, by Thore in 1843 in an 11-day-old boy with left-sided…
Double-Outlet and Common-Outlet Right Atrium
Definition The morphologically right atrium (RA) opens into both the morphologically right ventricle (RV) and the morphologically left ventricle (LV) via two atrioventricular (AV) valves resulting in double-outlet right atrium…
Cor Triatriatum Sinistrum (Subdivided Left Atrium) and Cor Triatriatum Dextrum (Subdivided Right Atrium)
Definition The classic form of cor triatriatum (meaning “heart with three atria”) may be defined as a rare cardiac malformation in which the left atrium (LA) is subdivided into dorsal…
Systemic Venous Anomalies
We shall begin the specific anomalies section with systemic venous malformations because this book is organized in a venoarterial or blood-flow sequence—segment by segment, alignment by alignment, and connection by…
Segmental Anatomy
The segmental approach to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease is based on an understanding of the morphologic and segmental anatomy of the heart. The morphologic anatomy of the heart…
The Congenital Cardiac Pathology Database
An accurate, statistically analyzed database is considered to be of fundamental importance in the effort to make our field more quantitative. At present, almost no book on pediatric cardiology, pediatric…
Embryology and Etiology
In the human, an embryo may be defined as the developing organism from fertilization until the end of the second month of gestation, that is, from 0 to 60 days…
Morphologic Anatomy
An understanding of normal morphologic anatomy is basic to the accurate diagnosis of congenital heart disease. One of the diagnostic problems posed by complex congenital heart disease is that any…
Brief History of the Cardiovascular System
Who really discovered the circulation of the blood? Although much has been written, the correct answer to this fundamental question remains largely unknown. The early history of the development of…
