Thoracic Key

What anomalies involve the mitral valve? Our database of cardiac pathologic conditions provides an answer that is summarized in Table 14.1 . TABLE 14.1 Mitral Valve Anomalies Mitral Valve Anomalies…

Equations, Apoptosis, Switches, Rotations, and Synergy Basic Principles 1. When the situs (pattern of anatomic organization) of the subarterial infundibulum and the situs of the great arteries are the same…

What are the Heterotaxy Syndromes? Heterotaxy is derived from two Greek words: heteros, “other,” and taxis, “arrangement.” Hence, heterotaxy is an arrangement of the viscera that is other than normal…

Most pediatric cardiologists and congenital heart surgeons have never seen a patient with double-outlet left ventricle (DOLV). It is that rare. How rare is that? Well, in our cardiac pathology…

The Sinoatrial Node The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the pacemaker of the human heart ( Fig. 28.1 ). In visceroatrial situs solitus, the normal pattern of anatomic organization of the…

Basic Principles 1. When the situs (or pattern of anatomic organization) of the subarterial infundibulum and the situs of the great arteries are the same (concordant), the great arteries are…

Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) is what Vierordt called partial transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in 1898, meaning that only the aorta was transposed from the left ventricle (LV) to…

Anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries is defined as malposition of the great arteries in which both great arteries nevertheless arise above the morphologically appropriate ventricles, aorta above the…

Single ventricle means that one ventricular sinus, body, or inflow tract is present; in other words, one ventricular sinus, body, or inflow tract is absent. In single LV (morphologically left…