Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary Hypertension François Haddad Ramona L. Doyle Juliana C. Liu Roham T. Zamanian BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) refers to a state in which pulmonary artery pressure is elevated. By expert…
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation Anurag Gupta Paul J. Wang BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic cardiac dysrhythmia. The estimated prevalence of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter is greater than…
Valvular Diseases
Valvular Diseases Shriram Nallamshetty Stanley G. Rockson AORTIC STENOSIS Background The normal aortic valve orifice area (AVA) is 3 to 4 cm2; clinically significant gradients occur when AVA is reduced…
Pericardial Disease
Pericardial Disease Todd L. Kiefer Randall Vagelos ACUTE PERICARDITIS1,2 Etiologies: Idiopathic, viral, tuberculosis (TB), coccidiomycosis, uremia, collagen vascular diseases, neoplasm, trauma, post-myocardial infarction—two types: 1 to 3 days post-transmural infarct…
Endocarditis
Endocarditis Todd L. Kiefer Fred A. Lopez Randall Vagelos NATIVE VALVE ENDOCARDITIS Etiologies1,2 Staphylococcus aureus: Increasing prevalence; Streptococcus viridans; Streptococcus species: S. mitis, S. mutans, S. bovis, S. sanguis; Coagulase-negative…
Transplant Medicine
Transplant Medicine Michael Pham BACKGROUND The first human heart transplant was performed in South Africa in 1967, followed by the first U.S. procedure in 1968 by Dr. Norman Shumway at…
Heart Failure
Heart Failure David Kao David V. Daniels Euan Ashley BACKGROUND AND APPROACH Approximately 5 million people throughout the United States have heart failure (HF); 550,000 are diagnosed each year, and…
Wide and Narrow Complex Tachyarrhythmias
Wide and Narrow Complex Tachyarrhythmias David V. Daniels Amin Al-Ahmad BACKGROUND AND APPROACH The tachyarrhythmias presented in this chapter and the approach to their differential diagnosis, workup, and treatment are…
Sudden Cardiac Death and ICD Therapy
Sudden Cardiac Death and ICD Therapy David V. Daniels Henry Hsia BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as death from cardiovascular causes shortly after the onset of symptoms in…
Bradyarrhythmias and Pacing
Bradyarrhythmias and Pacing James V. Freeman Paul J. Wang BACKGROUND Bradyarrhythmias result from abnormalities of sinus node function or A-V conduction. In this chapter we review the initial recognition, triage,…
