Optimizing Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Imaging Stanton K. Shernan The operator of an echocardiographic console is not only responsible for accurately interpreting the information displayed on the ultrasound monitor, but like an…
Surgical Anatomy of the Heart: Correlation with Echocardiographic-Imaging Planes Bruce Bollen Carlos Duran Robert M. Savage A familiarity with cardiovascular anatomy is fundamental to understanding the standard imaging planes commonly…
Organization of an Intraoperative Echocardiographic Service: Personnel, Equipment, Maintenance, Safety, Infection, and Continuous Quality Improvement Glenn S. Murphy Joseph P. Mathew Since the mid-1980s, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been used…
Updated Indications for Intraoperative TEE Daniel M. Thys In the United States, intraoperative echocardiography (IOE) has become integral to the care of many cardiac surgical patients (1). In a recent…
Comprehensive and Abbreviated Intraoperative TEE Examination Jack S. Shanewise Daniel P. Vezina Michael K. Cahalan Since its first use assessing cardiac function in the operating room over 20 years ago…
Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls Lori B. Heller An artifact can be defined as any structure in an ultrasound image that does not have a corresponding anatomic tissue structure. Artifacts are…
Physics of Echocardiography James D. Thomas Michael G. Licina Robert M. Savage Echocardiographic imaging relies on the reflection of ultrasound waves from structures within the cardiovascular system. This chapter will…
Digital Echocardiography Mario J. Garcia Over the last two decades, echocardiography has created a tremendous impact in health care. Much of the success of echocardiography is due to its ability…
