Thoracic Key

Cerebrovascular System I. ANATOMY (Figs. 7.1, 7.2, 7.3) A. The common carotid artery (CCA) is 5 to 6 mm in size. The right CCA originates from the brachiocephalic artery, and…

A Word About Doppler Controls On every ultrasound machine, there are several controls that are always the same (although they may not be arranged in the same way). It is…

Peripheral Venous Systems I. LOWER EXTREMITY VEINS A. Anatomy 1. During inspiration, intrathoracic pressure decreases, intraabdominal pressure increases, outflow from the peripheral veins decrease, and blood moves from the abdomen…

Penile Vessels I. ANATOMY (Figs. 6.1 and 6.2) A. The internal iliac arteries give rise to the internal pudendal arteries. Each internal pudendal artery gives off the urethral artery, the…

Grafts I. HEMODIALYSIS GRAFTS A. Anatomy 1. Dialysis grafts are placed in the arm to allow easy access for dialysis. The types are: a. Brachial artery to axillary vein (most…

Abdominal Vasculature I. ABDOMINAL AORTA A. Anatomy (Fig. 2.1) 1. Abdominal aorta extends from the twelfth thoracic vertebra to the fourth lumbar vertebra. 2. Portions of the Abdominal Aorta (Fig….

Test Validation and Statistics I. THE GOLD STANDARD This is the reference test that is assumed to be “the truth.” It is important to determine validity of noninvasive studies by…

Peripheral Arterial Systems I. LOWER EXTREMITY ARTERIES A. Anatomy (Fig. 3.1) 1. The common iliac arteries divide into the external and internal (hypogastric) iliac arteries at the level of the…

Blood Vessels: Anatomy and Physiology I. ANATOMY OF BLOOD VESSELS A. Three Layers (Tunicae) of Blood Vessels (Fig. 1.1) 1. Tunica interna or intima. This is the innermost layer and…