Thoracic Key

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In 1785, Sir William Withering first described the leaves from the common foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea, as a treatment for heart failure (HF) and arrhythmia in…

PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 74-year-old man had been in his usual health and able to perform activities of daily living (including walking 1 block) until about 3 weeks…

PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 46-year-old man with a dilated cardiomyopathy and known chronic HFrEF for the last two years now presents with a recent history of worsening shortness…

INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Congestive heart failure has been defined as a clinical syndrome that occurs when the heart is unable to meet the demands of actively metabolizing tissue without…

PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 67-year-old man with a history of relapsing heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction 25%-30%), hypertension, and dyslipidemia presents to the emergency department with a…

PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 35-year-old man arrives by ambulance to the emergency department (ED) with chief complaints of chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and dizziness. Physician interviews…

PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 62-year-old man with a history of nonischemic cardiomyopathy presents with worsening shortness of breath, orthopnea, lower extremity edema, and weight gain. He is diagnosed…

PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 56-year-old woman was brought to the cardiologist office for routine clinical examination. The patient showed signs of peripheral edema, denied dyspnea, New York Heart…

PATIENT CASE: AORTIC STENOSIS Print Section Listen Mrs. R is a 92-year-old woman with history of severe aortic stenosis (AS), hypertension (HTN), atrial flutter, and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD)….

PATIENT CASES Print Section Listen CASE 1 A 51-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. She has a history of newly…