Thoracic Key

0.1–0.5 mm vessel 0.6–0.9 mm vessel 1.0–4.0 mm vessels >4 mm vessels Hypertonic saline 11.7 % Saline 11.7–23.4 % Saline 23.4 % STD 1–3 % STD 0.1–0.2 % STD 0.2–0.3…

Fig. 18.1 Site of election for valve repair. Valve B in FV below profunda takeoff is preferred. Valve A at CFV is very prominent and tempting. Repair of this would…

Fig. 7.1 Preoperative mapping of the veins   3. Mapping the local varices and blow outs in the extremity. This is again done with the patient in the standing position….

Fig. 8.1 Laser (a) and RFA (b) probes. Note the larger size of the RFA probe and the 7 cm working end Other advantages of EVLA include ease of use,…

Fig. 20.1 Telangiectasia in the medial aspect of leg and thigh It is important to rule out other causes of primary and secondary telangiectasias. This is relevant especially if laser…

Type of ulcer Location Basic pathology Pain Number Ulcer features Associated findings Diagnosis Venous ulcer Gaiter area Venous hypertension Not prominent Usually single/multiple can occur Sloping edge; floor pink granuln…

Fig. 19.1 (a) Localized block of iliac vein with good inflow and outflow. (b) Stenting in progress. (c) Post stenting appearance. Stent has to be oversized by 1.5 times Post…

Fig. 17.1 SEPS port placement Use of a thigh tourniquet and Esmarch bandage to exsanguinate the limb is reported by some authors [1]. The deep facia is incised under vision…

Fig. 14.1 Venous outflow obstruction showing prominent distended veins in the anterior abdominal wall and supra-inguinal collaterals Specific features of CVI such as corona phlebectatica, eczema, lipodermatosclerosis, and atrophie blanche…

Fig. 3.1 Mechanism of valve closure In the upright posture, a reflux lasting less than 0.5 s is physiological; if the duration exceeds 0.5 s, it is defined as pathological…