Percutaneous Paravalvular Leak Closure
Fig. 5.1 AmplatzerTM Vascular Plug (AVP; St. Jude Medical, Inc., Plymouth, MN). (a) AVP II and (b) AVP III. These devices are made of self-expanding finely braided nitinol wire mesh….
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)
Fig. 1.1 Uptake of TAVI procedures in the United Kingdom Fig. 1.2 Emerging TAVI Devices (a) SAPIEN 3 (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California). (b) CENTERA (Edwards Lifesciences). (c) Direct Flow Medical…
Left Atrial Appendage Closure (LAAC)
Fig. 2.1 Shown are several LAAC devices. (a) Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion device (PLAATO). This was the first device available for percutaneous appendage closure and is no longer…
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO)
Fig. 3.1 An example of one antegrade and retrograde technique for crossing a CTO. (a) The antegrade approach requires defined proximal cap anatomy ideally with a tapered stump or defined…
Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
Fig. 6.1 Cartoon schematic of the foetal circulation. There are two shunts that provide shortcuts for most of the pulmonary circulation system (circled in green). Connection between the right and…
Percutaneous Management of Mitral Valve Disease
Fig. 4.1 The Inoue balloon. Kanji Inoue, a Japanese Cardiac Surgeon, developed the idea that a degenerated mitral valve could be inflated using a balloon made of strong and pliant…
