Thoracic Key

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Chronic Venous Disease Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a condition that affects the superficial and deep venous systems resulting in venous hypertension and a cascade…

Introduction The primary purpose of vascular access is to facilitate hemodialysis for as long as possible at minimal risk of complications. To achieve this goal, vascular surgeons primarily use vascular…

Carotid Intervention The Data When discussing the clinical data for outcomes in carotid artery stenting (CAS), there are several important outcomes to be detailed: periprocedural (30 day) safety, which is composed…

Introduction Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE), comprised of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is morbid, expensive, and potentially fatal. It ranks as the third most common cardiovascular disease,…

A Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Introduction Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a 50% increase in the diameter of the aorta when compared with a normal segment. The average infrarenal…

Introduction The management of cerebrovascular disease has often lagged behind the advances made in the management of cardiovascular disease. However those same technological advances in cardiovascular devices have facilitated the…

Clinical Assessment Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by a number of pathologies affecting the arteries of the lower extremities. The most common cause in industrialized countries is atherosclerosis, but…

Introduction Hypertension is a leading cause of death worldwide, with 13% of all deaths attributed to it in 2004 (World Health Organization, 2009). A prevalence of 29% (1.56 billion) has…

Introduction Coronary blood flow and pressure measurements across a stenotic coronary artery provide information on the ischemic potential of a specific lesion at the time of catheterization. Physiologic assessment of…

Introduction A key principle governing renal artery stenting (RAS) is that clinical benefit will result from relieving a significant renal artery stenosis causing renal hypoperfusion. Published meta-analyses suggest that a…