Thoracic Key

Fig. 1.1 A cube of material is subject to force parallel to a face which cause shearing and forces normal to each face which cause compression 1.1 Solid Mechanics Solid mechanics…

Fig. 9.1 X-ray imaging. X-rays are generated by a tube, travel through the patient and are detected by a detector placed behind the patient. a Projection radiography; a 2D image is…

Blood component % By volume Principle function Low %volume High %volume Plasma 50–60 Fluid base for blood, carbon dioxide and nutrient transport Dehydration Blood loss Excess salt loss (e.g. after…

Fig. 15.1 Progression of atherosclerosis with time. a Healthy artery showing the various layers, from the outside these are the adventitia, media and intima. b The first sign of disease is…

Fig. 16.1 Types of aneurysm; a and b fusiform aneurysms; c and d saccular or berry aneurysms Factors leading to susceptibility for aneurysm formation include both genetic and environmental factors. Hereditary…

Fig. 5.1 Forces on an artery wall, blood pressure and wall shear stress Fig. 5.2 Cross section of an artery wall. The pressure acts on the arterial wall. This is balanced by…

Source Heart rate (Reece 2004) Pressure Artery Axial stretch Human 60 120/80 mmHg Aorta (1.12–1.30) Learoyd and Taylor (1966)    Carotid 1.10 Delfino et al. (1997) Pig 70–120 150/115 mmHg Aorta 1.4 (1.2–1.5)…

Fig. 6.1 Anatomy of the human heart showing the main structures. Blue regions indicate the right side of the heart, which pumps venous blood. Red regions indicate the left side of…

Fig. 14.1 Haemodynamic influences on pulse pressure and mean pressure. From; Koeppen BM, Stanton BA; Berne & Levy Physiology, Updated Edition, 6th Edition; Berne RM et al. Physiology. Philadelphia, PA: Copyright…

Term Definition Comment Idealised Simplified representation which captures key features Relevant for studies involving general trends Patient specific Values from measurement or modelling which are relevant to the individual patient…