Fig. 12.1 Approach to hyponatremia in heart failure Sodium Depletion Versus Plasma Dilution The presence of clinical signs reflecting hypovolemia and/or intensive diuretic regiments may suggest sodium depletion. If in…
Fig. 10.1 Forrest plots of worsening versus improved renal function, defined as a change in serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL. The graph demonstrates the wide range of hazard ratios, both statistically significant…
Acetazolamide Loop diuretics Thiazide-like diuretics MRAs (diuretic dose) Amiloride Furosemide Bumetanide Torasemide Azosemidea Metolazone Hydrochlorothiazide Chlortalidone Chlorothiazide Spironolactone Eplerenone Potassium canrenoate Site of action Proximal tubule Thick ascending limb…
Fig. 7.1 Mechanisms of impaired renal function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Table 7.1 Pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiorenal interactions Traditional cardiovascular risk factors Smoking Obesity Hypertension Diabetes Dyslipidaemia…
