CLASS I INDICATIONS evidence and/or general agreement that ICD’s are useful and effective 1. Survivors of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation or hemodynamically unstable sustained VT after evaluation to…
Selection of ambulatory ECG recording technique Recorder type Advantages Disadvantages Duration of use Holter monitor 1. Continuous ECG Recording 2. No activation required by patient 3. Preferred method for daily…
Fig. 21.1 AP and Lateral views of cardiac silhouette with three diagnostic (quadripolar) catheters placed in the high right atrium (HRA), across the tricuspid annulus for His bundle recording (His),…
Fig. 5.1 Air-sealed face mask with tubing connected to gas analyzer, used to determine gas flow and values during metabolic testing Technique Different testing protocols have been developed for functional…
1. Symptoms or conditions potentially related to suspected cardiac etiology including but not limited to chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, TIA, stroke, or peripheral embolic event 2. Prior testing…
Indication Class Arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia I Siderotic cardiomyopathy (in particular thalassemia) I Dilated cardiomyopathy I Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (apical) I Non compaction cardiomyopathy II Ventricular thrombus II Constrictive pericarditis II…
Indication Strength of indication Sinus rhythm, LVEF ≤35 %, LBBB, QRS duration ≥150 ms, and NYHA class II, III, or ambulatory IV symptoms Class I Sinus rhythm, LVEF ≤35 %,…
Fig. 35.1 Panel (a) Fluoroscopic view (top) of bioptome (arrow) in an incorrect position. Echocardiography (bottom) documents that the tip of the bioptome (arrow) is positioned against the right ventricular…
Minimal sedation Moderate sedation/analgesia (conscious sedation) Deep sedation/analgesia General anesthesia Responsiveness Normal response to verbal stimulation Purposeful response to verbal or tactile stimulation Purposeful response after repeated or painful…
Fig. 4.1 The ischemic cascade: represent the magnitude of ischemia in relation to the increasing duration of ischemia. The initial changes seen are perfusion abnormalities detected with nuclear myocardial perfusion…
