Genetic susceptibility is important in 3–6%Risk factors include poverty, overcrowding and poor hygiene Clinical features Multisystemic disorder. Joint involvement is most common, followed by carditis. Investigations Blood tests and culture,…
Figure 9.1 – Schematic diagram of ACS. Acute coronary syndrome In A Heartbeat Definition Syndrome consisting of unstable angina, NSTEMI and STEMI Epidemiology Most common cause of death in Western…
Figure 13.1 – Blood pressure measurement. Hypertension In A Heartbeat Epidemiology Affects around a third of patients aged 45–54 and around 60–80% of patients aged 75 and over. Aetiology 90%…
Date of birth Explanation andConsent “Could we have a little chat about what’s brought you in today?” 2.2 History taking 2.2.1 Presenting complaint Use open questions to start the consultation.Obtain…
Cardiovascular pharmacology In A Heartbeat ACE inhibitors ACE inhibitors are used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The most notable side-effects are dry cough and angioedema, which are…
Modifiable: smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, physical inactivity, obesity and diet Pathophysiology Endothelial damage attracts leukocytes, lipids and smooth muscle cells to the intima, resulting in formation of a fatty streak,…
Stable angina In A Heartbeat Epidemiology Seen in men almost twice as often as women Aetiology Atherosclerosis (refer to Chapter 7) Clinical features A triad of central chest pain on…
