Transseptal Access
Fig. 15.1 Technique of transseptal puncture. (a) An 8 F 62 cm-long sheath is advanced over a J-tipped guidewire to the superior vena cava. The guidewire is removed and a…
The Usual Vascular Access
Fig. 11.1 Landmarks of femoral artery and vein access (From Bergersen [1], with permission) The pulse of the femoral artery should be sought. The femoral vein runs closely medial to…
Hemodynamics in Pericardial and Myocardial Diseases
Fig. 45.1 Left tracing, normal; right tracing typical of constriction. Normally there is a concordant fall in LV and RV pressures in inspiration. In constriction, there is discordance of LV…
Fontan Fenestration Closure
Fig. 27.1 Lateral view of contrast injection in inferior caval vein: a 20 mm conduit is mounted between the inferior caval vein and pulmonary artery; a 4.5 mm fenestration allos…
ASD Closure in Special Situations: Elderly, PA-IVS
Fig. 33.1 Percutaneous closure of large ASD in adult. (a) Large ASD with significant left-to-right shunt at color Doppler analysis. (b) LV end-diastolic pressure before ASD temporary occlusion. (c) Dynamic…
Closure of Residual Postsurgical Defects
Fig. 32.1 Example of postsurgical muscular VSD closure. Transesophageal echocardiography of a postsurgical muscular VSD in a 73-year-old male after recurrent aortic valve surgery and myectomy (Qp/Qs ratio 2, evidence…
Aortic Coarctation
Fig. 22.1 Aortic coarctation in LAT and AP projections 8. Measurements (lateral projection is most commonly used): diameters of transverse arch distal to the brachiocephalic artery, distal to the…
Reopening of Peripheral and Central Arteries and Veins
Fig. 23.1 Angiograms performed in the right femoral vein (a) and left femoral vein (b) show total occlusion of the common iliac veins bilaterally as well as of the infrarenal…
Pulmonary Artery Branches
Fig. 21.1 After deliberate overstenting of the left pulmonary artery, an ultrahigh-pressure balloon was inserted across the struts and dilated to its nominal diameter, breaking the stent struts at about…
