Stress Testing
Dobutamine Adenosine or regadenoson Severe systemic arterial hypertension (≥220/120 mmHg) Unstable angina pectoris Significant aortic valve stenosis (peak aortic valve gradient >50 mmHg or aortic valve area <1 cm2) Complex…
Flow Imaging
Fig. 16.1 A phase shift of the MR signal relative to static tissue is imparted to moving tissue (a, left) when a bipolar gradient is applied during signal acquisition (b,…
Non-contrast Enhanced MRA
Fig. 21.1 Diagrams showing the basic principles of 2D and 3D time of flight (TOF) angiography. A tortuous artery traversing through tissue is shown; arrows show the direction of arterial…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Coronary Arteries
Fig. 17.1 Reformatted coronary MRI of the left coronary system acquired using a targeted free breathing acquisition with real time navigator gating and tracking in a healthy adult subject. The…
MRI Safety
Year 1982 1987 1997 2003 NSR field strength 2 T 2 T 4 T 8 Ta a4 T for infants less than 1 month of age MR Injuries and Deaths…
Cardiac Spectroscopy
Fig. 18.1 Diagrams of the RF transmit and receive and gradients of the STEAM (a) and PRESS (b) sequences. The data acquisition windows are ten times longer than shown in…
Late Gadolinium Enhancement Imaging
Fig. 15.1 A schematic depicting the distribution of Gd-DTPA contrast in myocardium (a), with two stylized cells, situated within a section of myocardium: a normal cell (left), with an intact,…
High Field MRI for CMR
(6.1) where SNRp is the SNR when parallel imaging rate R is used, SNRo is the original SNR without parallel imaging, and g is the so-called g-factor of the coil,…
Advanced Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Techniques
Fig. 22.1 Examples of parametric mapping in various diseases. (a) Acute myocardial infarction imaged at 3 T: Late enhancement with transmural myocardial infarction. T2– and native T1 mapping with elevated…
