Above- and Below-Knee Amputation
Historical Background The first recorded instance of amputations and prosthetic replacement appears in the Rig-Veda, written in Sanskrit between 3500 and 1800 bc . The ancient Greek text, “On Joints,”…
Endovascular Treatment of Hepatic, Gastroduodenal, Pancreaticoduodenal, and Splenic Artery Aneurysms
Historical Background Hepatic artery aneurysms are the second most common type of visceral aneurysms after those of the splenic artery. In 1809 Wilson first described a hepatic artery aneurysm as…
Endovascular Treatment of Femoral-Popliteal Arterial Occlusive Disease
Historical Background Dotter and Judkins first described percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) using a rigid catheter in 1964. By March 1977 approximately 1800 patients with femoral-popliteal arterial occlusions and stenoses had…
Open Surgical Bypass of Femoral-Popliteal Arterial Occlusive Disease
Historical Background Vascular reconstruction of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) using venous autografts dates back to the early twentieth century. Carrel and Guthrie described the technique of vascular anastomosis after developing…
Direct Surgical Repair of Popliteal Artery Aneurysm
Historical Background In 1785 Hunter successfully ligated the popliteal artery of a coachman with a large popliteal aneurysm, relying on collateral circulation to maintain the viability of the limb. In…
Direct Surgical Repair of Popliteal Entrapment
Historical Background Popliteal artery entrapment is a congenital anomaly in which the popliteal artery passes medial to and beneath the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle or a slip of…
Direct Surgical Repair of Visceral Artery Aneurysms
Historical Background Visceral artery aneurysms are a rare but clinically important vascular condition and have been recognized for more than 200 years. As of 2002, there were about 3000 cases…
Endovascular Treatment of Occlusive Superior Mesenteric Artery Disease
Historical Background Traditionally, the preferred treatment to restore adequate blood flow to the visceral organs was open surgical bypass. This treatment resulted in significant morbidity and mortality rates, ranging from…
Direct Surgical Repair of Renovascular Disease
Historical Background In 1937 Goldblatt demonstrated that renal artery constriction produced atrophy of the kidney and systemic hypertension in a canine model. His elegant experiments defined a causal relationship between…
Direct Surgical Repair for Celiac Axis and Superior Mesenteric Artery Occlusive Disease
Historical Background Embolectomy of the superior mesenteric artery for acute mesenteric ischemia was suggested by Ryvlin in 1943 and Klass in 1951, with the first successful embolectomy reported by Shaw…
