and Myron C. Gerson1 (1) University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA KeywordsSudden cardiac deathImplantable cardiac defibrillatorCardiomyopathy 123I-MIBG 11C-HEDHeart failure Since the 1970s, cardiovascular mortality has decreased significantly…
Figure 2-1. Hierarchy for cardiac autonomic control. Autonomic control of cardiac function is mediated by a series of interacting feedback loops from the level of the heart [2] to that…
Synucleinopathies Lewy body disorders Parkinson disease Primary motor disease with parkinsonism and frequent peripheral autonomic neuropathy, orthostatic hypotension, and dementia Dementia with Lewy bodies Rapidly progressive dementia with frequent peripheral…
Figure 4-1. (a) Norepinephrine (NE) cascade from synthesis to vesicular storage, release into synaptic cleft, reuptake, and partial inactivation. (b, c) The processes of synthesis, vesicular–axoplasmic exchange, metabolism, release, neuronal…
Figure 3-1. Although Otto Loewi discovered chemical transmission of nerve impulses using acetylcholine [1], it was von Euler who discovered in 1946 that the true agent of sympathetic transmission is…
β-Blockers Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers Aldosterone inhibitors Cell transplantation Coronary arterial revascularization Mitral valve repair/replacement CRT LVAD Inhibition of the β-adrenergic system or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is known…
Nerve Radiotracer Description Sympathetic Presynaptic 11C-hydroxyephedrine (HED) Most widely used PET-based radiotracer for cardiac sympathetic innervation NE analogue, accumulates through NET and transported to storage vesicles by VMAT2 Not metabolized…
Figure 8-1. Success rates of VT ablation. The VTACH study [14] was a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial that enrolled patients with at least one prior VT episode and a…
Invasive procedures Noninvasive methods Intracoronary injection of tyramine Invasive evaluation of the response to exercise Radiolabeled catecholamine analogues Radiolabeled receptor antagonist Guanethidine analogue 123I-MIBG Catecholamine analogue ¹¹C-HED β-Adrenergic receptor antagonist…
Figure 1-1. Anatomy and distribution of the cardiac nervous systems. The cardiac sympathetic nerve ends (blue) are projected from sympathetic neurons in the stellate ganglia, which are bilateral to the…
