Chronic Kidney Disease and Renovascular Interactions
Stage GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) HT Kidney damage CKD CVD risk Glomerular filtration rates 1 ≥90 + 0 0 ± ≥90 ± + + + 2 60–89 0 0 ± ±…
Endothelial Function in Health and Disease
Fig. 12.1 The endothelium is responsible for a number of physiological functions, including (1) regulation of vascular tone, (2) control of blood fluidity and coagulation, and (3) regulation of inflammatory…
Arterial Function
Fig. 26.1 Central aortic pressure-flow relations. Volumetric flow into the aorta is assessed by multiplying left ventricular outflow tract flow velocity (a) and area computed from diameter (b). The resulting…
Diabetes Mellitus: Alterations in Vessel Wall Properties
Fig. 16.1 Risks factors and mechanisms that plausibly link diabetes with vascular disease. ROS reactive oxygen species, NO nitric oxide 16.2.1 Endothelial Dysfunction The endothelium has a central role in…
Biomarkers of Vascular Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease
Fig. 9.1 Diagram demonstrating how proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic mechanisms impact on vascular inflammation and remodelling in vascular injury. Oxidative stress plays an important role in vascular injury. Biomarkers of these…
Therapeutic Options: Lifestyle Measures and Pharmacological Approaches
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Adel Berbari and Giuseppe Mancia (eds.)Arterial Disorders10.1007/978-3-319-14556-3_29 29. Therapeutic Options: Lifestyle Measures and Pharmacological Approaches Ian B. Wilkinson1 and Bronwen G. King1 (1) Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital,…
Kidney Transplantation: Indices of Large Arterial Function in Recipients and Donors
Factor Study Recipient-related factors Increased age Barenbrock et al. (1998) [36] Ferro et al. (2002) [21] Bahous et al. (2004) [7] Bahous et al. (2006) [34] Delahousse et al. (2008)…
Pre-eclampsia: A Multifaceted Disorder of Pregnancy
Fig. 24.1 Schematic of pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia, based on current evidence. The decreased low-resistance shunting of maternal blood, due to a disruption of the maternal-fetal interface, at the placenta has…
Cerebrovascular Interactions in Cerebral Disorders (Stroke, Transient Ischaemic Attacks, Microvascular Disease, Migraine)
Fig. 23.1 Flow chart for acute stroke management (Reproduced with permission from Goldstein [7]) 23.1.1.5 Thrombolysis Intravenous Fibrinolytic Therapy Intravenous fibrinolytic therapy for acute stroke is widely accepted. The US…
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Fig. 17.1 Comparisons of (a) changes in carotid Young’s elastic modulus (cYEM), (b) changes in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and (c) baseline and follow-up body mass index (BMI), between…
