Parameter Mild Moderate Severe Valve structure and motion Mechanical or bioprosthetic Usually normal Usually abnormal Usually abnormal Structural parameters Left ventricular size Normal Normal/mildly dilated Dilated Doppler parameters (qualitative or…
Fig. 13.1 Hemodynamics during rapid right ventricular pacing. Systolic pressure and pulse pressure fall with rapid pacing, and nearly vanish with balloon inflation (From Witzke et al. [26] with permission)…
Fig. 8.1 True-severe low flow/low gradient severe AS with depressed EF and contractile reserve. 85 year-old female with class III heart failure, EF 40 %, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney…
Society of thoracic surgeons predicted risk of mortality v.2.73 Additive EuroSCORE Logistic EuroSCORE EuroSCORE II Ambler Northern New England New York State Providence Health System Veterans Affairs Risk Score Age,…
Progressive LVH (which may be attended by fibrosis) leads to impaired LV compliance, resulting in diastolic dysfunction that eventually leads to elevated mean left atrial pressures. Moreover, as the disease…
