Interventional Techniques

Jan 19, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Interventional Techniques

The practice of interventional cardiac catheterization consists of minimally invasive procedures where catheters are used to modify, palliate, or treat congenital or acquired cardiac disease. Evolution of interventional techniques has…

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Anomalous Systemic Venous Return

Jan 19, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Anomalous Systemic Venous Return

Introduction This chapter deals with abnormalities of position and connection of the major systemic venous channels that drain to the heart. We also discuss abnormal persistence of the valves of…

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Isomerism of the Atrial Appendages

Jan 19, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Isomerism of the Atrial Appendages

Key WordsIsomerism, heterotaxy, asplenia, polysplenia, functionally univentricular, Kawashima, Fontan, Glenn, ciliary dyskinesia   Introduction It has long been recognized that congenital absence of the spleen, or the presence of multiple…

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Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Jan 19, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Regular exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity in some developed countries has diminished for a variety of reasons as society has trended away from outdoor…

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Youth

Jan 19, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Youth

Autopsy studies have demonstrated that atherosclerosis, the pathologic basis for coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular events, begins in childhood and is associated with the presence of modifiable and nonmodifiable cardiovascular…

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography: Diagnostic Imaging, Image Management, and Assessment of Physiology and Function

Jan 19, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography: Diagnostic Imaging, Image Management, and Assessment of Physiology and Function

Introduction Noninvasive cardiovascular imaging plays a fundamental role in the clinical history of patients with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and acquired cardiac conditions, from antenatal diagnosis to long-term follow-up in…

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Surgical Techniques

Jan 19, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Surgical Techniques

Surgical Approaches to the Heart A variety of incisions are used in cardiac surgery. The majority of pediatric cardiac surgeries are performed through two incisions: the median sternotomy and the…

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