15 Pulmonary Valve
Farhood Saremi 15 Pulmonary Valve Introduction Knowledge of pulmonary valve and root anatomy is useful in understanding the spectrum of complicated conotruncal anomalies that arise from abnormal formation of the…
8 Thoracic Aorta and Major Branches
Hiro Kiyosue, Miyuki Maruno, and Norio Hongo 8 Thoracic Aorta and Major Branches Anatomy The aorta is the largest artery originating at the upper part of the left ventricle. It…
10 Diaphragm
Ashley Prosper and Farhood Saremi 10 Diaphragm Introduction The diaphragm is a musculotendinous dome-shaped sheet between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. More than just a geographical boundary between the thoracic…
3 Mediastinum and Thymus
Cameron Hassani and Farhood Saremi 3 Mediastinum and Thymus Introduction The mediastinum (Latin, media = middle and stare = to stand; i.e., that which stands in the middle) is a…
7 Pulmonary and Systemic Veins
Farhood Saremi 7 Pulmonary and Systemic Veins Introduction Intrathoracic veins can be categorized into the systemic and pulmonary veins (PVs). The systemic veins return deoxygenated blood into the right atrium…
6 Pulmonary Artery and Vein
Hiro Kiyosue and Miyuki Maruno 6 Pulmonary Artery and Vein Pulmonary Artery The pulmonary trunk (the main pulmonary artery) originates at the base of the right ventricle, and the origin…
2 Tracheobronchial System
Farhood Saremi and Hiro Kiyosue 2 Tracheobronchial System Introduction Anatomical knowledge of the trachea, mainstem bronchi, segmental bronchi branch pattern, relationship with neighboring structures and anatomical variants are important for…
9 Lymphatics and Nerves of the Thorax
Gina Cavallo, R. Shane Tubbs, and Farhood Saremi 9 Lymphatics and Nerves of the Thorax Introduction The thorax is an irregular cylinder with a narrow superior opening, the superior thoracic…
5 The Pleura
Sumuda N. Dissanayake and Farhood Saremi 5 The Pleura Introduction The pleura, derived from the Greek word for side, is the serous membrane that covers the lung parenchyma, mediastinum, diaphragm,…
