Thoracic Key

   Asthma, COPD, ARDS, bronchospasm, trauma •   Ventilation-associated                   High inflation volumes (VT)                   High minute ventilation (RR)                   Decreased exhalation time relative to inhalation time (I:E ratio)                   Anything blocking the exhalation system of the…

   Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)                   Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)       •   Non-invasive Negative Pressure Ventilation(NINPV) NIPPV It uses a face mask, nasal mask, or helmet mask. It delivers forced air into…

   Alveolar hypoventilation with hypercapnea and hypoxemia                   Respiratory and neuromuscular disease, including coma and OD       •   Inadequate pulmonary gas exchange                   Acute respiratory distress                   Clinical deterioration, especially shock                   RR 35 breaths /min                   Increased…

PaO2 50 mmHg or SaO2 88%   Chronic hypoxemia with PaO2 55mmHg   Monitoring Goals   SaO2 88% (measured with pulse oximetry)  

Peak pressure with normal plateau pressure   Monitor will show a peak pressure >40 cm H2O and a plateau pressure <30 cm H2O Possible causes: secretions, bronchospasm, kinked tube Solution:…

   Albuterol                         Ipratropium                         Levalbuterol (Xopenex)                         Budesonide (only Pulmicort Respule) MDI             •   Only aerosol system MDI can be used; drugs in powder form such as Advair diskus cannot be used. The therapist must…

40%, PEEP 5 Primary indication for mechanical ventilation improving Adequate Hb ( 10 g/dL), adequate K 3.5 mEq/L Discontinue sedation   Plan sedation management during the prior hospital day Start…

   Vancomycin or linezolid plus extended-spectrum penicillinbeta lactam inhibitor combination plus an aminoglycoside or a fluoroquinolone.                     Vancomycin or linezolid plus carbapenem plus an aminoglycoside or a fluoroquinolone.                     Vancomycin or linezolid plus…