physiology Reza Anvari MD
CO2 in arterial blood crosses the blood brain barrier in CSF, CO2 combines with H2O produces H+ + HCO3–. • H+ acts in central chemoreceptors causing hyperventilation via vagus nerve…
pressure release ventilation (APRV) Rishi Raj MD
Example of common I:E ratio setting:APRV 4:1 vs. AC 1:2 • It will increase mean airway pressure (Pmean) without increasing peak pressures. • It allows for superimposed spontaneous ventilation by the patient….
events and emergencies Rishi Raj MD
oxygen saturation • Gurgling noise with every breath • Low exhaled tidal volume alarm on ventilator • plateau pressures • peak pressures • pressure or PEEP • PCO2/Respiratory acidosis • Patient discomfort Problems…
display and functions Rosemary Salazar RRT, Eva Nourbakhsh MD
compliance (“stiff lung”) plateau pressure; compliance plateau pressure. High plateau pressure increases the risk of barotrauma. Low plateau pressure can result in atelectasis and hypoventilation. Plateau pressure should not exceed…
check list for clinicians Kenneth Nugent MD
Acute events overnight • Check vital signs Pulse rate Respiratory rate O2 saturation Blood pressure • Check fluid balance • Examine chest for Air entry Breath sounds Crackles Wheezing • Check endotracheal tube for…
nursing care for ventilator patients Jessamy Anderson RN, BSN, CCRN
Tachycardia, tachypnea Change in BP Dyspnea Noisy or shallow ventilation Rhonchi Obvious visible secretions Excessive coughing during inspiratory cycle of ventilator High-pressure alarm on vent Low SaO2 • Instillation of saline/saline…
term consequences of mechanical ventilation Rahul Mishra DO
65) have an abnormal swallow • after orotracheal intubation for more than 48 hours Diagnosis • Barium swallow with video fluoroscopy • Esophageal manometry • Endoscopy Treatment • Diet alteration, speech therapy • Temporary gastrostomy Tracheal…
blood gases Eva Nourbakhsh MD
FiO2 by 0.05-.10 increments PEEP by 2–3 cm H2O I:E ratio by changing the inspiratory time (Ti) Suctioning of secretions Use bronchodilators Use diuretics for pulmonary edema High PaO2 (O2…
of mechanical ventilation Eva Nourbakhsh MD
Plateau >30 cmH2O Peak pressure >40 cmH2O VT > 12–15 ml/kg PEEP >10–15 cmH2O Ventilator-associated pneumonia • Refer to chapter 26 Oxygen toxicity • It is not clear what concentration…
of PEEP Eva Nourbakhsh MD, Kenneth Nugent MD
Functional residual capacity Improves gas exchange and oxygenation Redistributes fluid in alveoli FiO2 requirement Helps prevent alveolar collapse Improves lung compliance Minimizes ventilator-induced lung injury Negative Effects Can worsen gas…
