Epidemiology Print Section Listen Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common disorders seen in the general population. Approximately 10% of all people experience heartburn daily, 15% in…

Introduction Print Section Listen Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is one of several nonspecific smooth muscle esophageal motility disorders associated with intermittent debilitating dysphagia and chest pain. The efficacy of long…

Introduction Print Section Listen Esophageal diverticula are unusual but interesting abnormalities that can develop in any part of the esophagus. The most common esophageal diverticulum occurs in the cervical region…

Introduction Print Section Listen In 1914, Ernest Heller described the first cardiomyotomy for the treatment of achalasia.1 He described an anterior and posterior myotomy along the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) using…

Introduction Print Section Listen Primary esophageal motility disorders are characterized by abnormalities of esophageal peristalsis or contractions that interfere with swallowing and transit of food through the esophagus, producing symptoms…

Introduction Print Section Listen Esophageal resection and reconstruction in patients with primary or secondary motility disorders of the esophagus are very uncommon. Often, consideration of esophagectomy is the final decision…

Introduction Print Section Listen The four main causes of esophageal perforation are spontaneous perforation associated with protracted vomiting, also known as Boerhaave syndrome, iatrogenic injury from instrumentation, breakdown of esophageal…

Introduction Print Section Listen The term “esophagus” derives from the Greek root “oisein” (to carry) and “phagos” (to eat). The esophagus’ intricate components perform in symphony to provide a muscular…

Introduction Print Section Listen Benign tumors of the esophagus are rare cases encountered by a variety of specialists including gastroenterologists, general surgeons, and thoracic surgeons. The clinical presentation of these…