Introduction Print Section Listen Survival of infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs), as with many other anomalies in pediatrics, has steadily improved over the last three decades owing to…

Introduction Print Section Listen The diaphragm is generally referred to as the main “respiratory muscle”—which is to some extent a misnomer. A better description would be that the diaphragm is…

Introduction Print Section Listen The technique of applying electrical stimulation to the phrenic nerve to induce diaphragm pacing was first described by Cavallo in 1777.1 Early proponents used this technique…

Introduction Print Section Listen The two most common causes of diaphragmatic elevation are congenital eventration of the diaphragm and phrenic nerve palsy.1,2 Both may require plication of the diaphragm. This…

Introduction Print Section Listen Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital anterior chest wall defect, characterized by a posterior depression of the sternum and inferior costal cartilages. The deformity can…

Introduction Print Section Listen Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), a term coined by Rob and Standeven,1 refers to symptomatic compression of the structures of the thoracic outlet (subclavian vessels and brachial…

Introduction Print Section Listen Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition that arises from the compression of one or more of the neurovascular structures that traverse the superior aperture of…

Introduction Print Section Listen The term thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) describes a condition arising from compression of the subclavian artery, the subclavian vein, and the brachial plexus between the scalene…

Introduction Print Section Listen Video-assisted thoracoscopy has largely replaced other approaches to the intrathoracic sympathetic chain. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is most commonly performed for the treatment of severe palmar hyperhidrosis but…

Introduction Print Section Listen Paget–Schroetter syndrome is the sudden thrombosis of the subclavian vein in the setting of physical exertion of the arm. This syndrome is also known as effort…