Increased physical disability Poor quality of life Poor adherence to treatment Prenatal smoking exposure Low perceived control of asthma Caucasian (white race) Active smokers Prednisone dependent Severity of wheezing Severity…
Fig. 1 High mortality associated with late pulmonary hypertension (PH) in BPD. As illustrated in this schematic, mortality is higher in the severe PH group than BPD infants with lower…
Author Pub year Organization Group studied Years studied Time frame after discharge N Readmission rate (%) Term admission rate if presented (%) United States studies Lorch [49] 2014 California 23–34…
and Susan Redline2 (1) Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA (2) Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess…
Clinical traits Treatment Expected benefits of treatment Pulmonary Fixed airflow obstruction Variable airflow obstruction Airway inflammation Alveolar hypoplasia Focal parenchymal defects Reduced exercise performance Pulmonary hypertension Sleep-disordered breathing Abnormal…
Fig. 1 Pathogenesis of BPD Part III: Long-Term Respiratory Outcomes of BPD Survivors There is clear evidence that infants surviving with BPD have prolonged respiratory symptoms and persistent abnormalities in…
Fig. 1 Prenatal nicotine exposure increases α7 nAChR expression in fetal monkey lung (134 days gestation). Immunohistochemical localization of nicotinic receptor subtypes in 134- day fetal monkey lung. a and…
Method Results compared to full-term normal controls Infants Dynamic and passive expiratory respiratory mechanics Increased resistance Decreased compliance [15, 18, 19] Tidal breathing measurements Tpef/Te decreased [20, 21] Lower Tpef/Te…
Fig. 1 Neural and nonneural pathways that contribute to airway reactivity. AVPNs airway-related vagal preganglionic neurons, ASM airway smooth muscle Muscarinic receptors mediate the responsiveness of airway smooth muscle to…
