Fig. 28.1 Pleural endoscopic images. INF inferior, 4R right paratracheal lymph node region according to Naruke’s classification , SVC superior vena cava, LUL left upper lobe, LLL left lower lobe….

Fig. 15.1 Fluorescein/488 nm in vivo CLE imaging of the proximal bronchus, Pentax prototype. Modified from Musani et al. J Bronchol Intervent Pulmonol, 2010 The second commercially available confocal endomicroscopy…

Fig. 21.1 Decision making algorithm for small samples Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Gene Mutations as a Biomarker The EGFR is a 170-kDa plasma membrane glycoprotein composed by an extracellular region,…

Fig. 11.1 Type I and type II reactions in PDT (“photodynamic reaction”). Schematic Jablonski diagram showing PDT’s mechanism of action. Following light absorption, the PS reaches an excited singlet state…

ASA physical status 1—A normal healthy patient ASA physical status 2—A patient with mild systemic disease ASA physical status 3—A patient with severe systemic disease ASA physical status 4—A patient…

Descriptor Subgroup Definition T (tumor)   T0  No evidence of primary tumor T1  Tumor ≤3 cm, surrounded by the lung or visceral pleura, not more central than the lobar bronchus  T1a (mi)…

Degree of tracheal obstruction (%) ΔMMRCa Respondersb (%) ≦1 ≧2 51–60  2  61–70 2 2 10/17 (58.8%) 71–80 5 6  81–90 2 9 11/13 (8406%) 91–100  2  aΔMMRC = change in MMRC…

Fig. 14.1 Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) image using AFI system. Representative case of carcinoma in situ. (a) White light bronchoscopy showed thickening of the bifurcation and partially covered with white coat….

Fig. 19.1 Lead time represents the interval of time between screen detection and symptom-driven detection of cancer Fig. 19.2 Length time bias is introduced by the propensity of screening to…